An early example is Gunbad-i Qabud, an 1197 tomb tower in Maragha, Iran. The patterns were used in works of art and architecture at least 500 years before they were discovered in the West. Medieval Islamic architecture is particularly rich in aperiodic tessellation. These tessellations do not have repeating patterns. Notice how each gecko is touching six others. ![]() The following "gecko" tessellation, inspired by similar Escher designs, is based on a hexagonal grid. By their very nature, they are more interested in the way the gate is opened than in the garden that lies behind it." ![]() In doing so, they have opened the gate leading to an extensive domain, but they have not entered this domain themselves. This further inspired Escher, who began exploring deeply intricate interlocking tessellations of animals, people and plants.Īccording to Escher, "Crystallographers have … ascertained which and how many ways there are of dividing a plane in a regular manner. His brother directed him to a 1924 scientific paper by George Pólya that illustrated the 17 ways a pattern can be categorized by its various symmetries. According to James Case, a book reviewer for the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), in 1937, Escher shared with his brother sketches from his fascination with 11 th- and 12 th-century Islamic artwork of the Iberian Peninsula. The most famous practitioner of this is 20 th-century artist M.C. Escher & modified monohedral tessellationsĪ unique art form is enabled by modifying monohedral tessellations. A dual of a regular tessellation is formed by taking the center of each shape as a vertex and joining the centers of adjacent shapes. If we wanted to expand our pattern a little and draw a mixture of lines and circles, we could use the innerCircleRadius property once again to ensure each line stays within its parent cell’s edges: tessellation. Note: I often use innerCircleRadius to find the maximum possible width/height for an object, then scale it down a little to give my patterns some breathing room. The innerCircleRadius property of each cell is the radius of the largest possible circle that can sit at its center and not touch any of its edges - think of it as a rough guide for when you want to avoid overlapping objects. Here’s a simple animated example to get us started: If you are new to the world of generative SVG, pop over to my starter kit to dip your toe in the ocean! A visual overviewīefore we get started, I would like to show you what Voronoi tessellations are, how they work, and how they can help form the basis of gorgeous generative patterns. ![]() This tutorial is perfect for folks familiar with generative art and comfortable working with JavaScript/SVG. To do so, we will be using a classic generative tool, the Voronoi tessellation. Random and unpredictable, yet efficient and harmonious. In this tutorial, we will be learning how to form aesthetically pleasing patterns inspired by nature. ![]() While both chaos and exacting precision can both be beautiful qualities in generative art, we rarely - if ever - find examples of either extreme in the natural world. When composing generative patterns, placing objects on a canvas purely at random can feel chaotic, while aligning them to a traditional grid can feel rigid/predictable. It is a wildly powerful tool for us artists, but can be difficult to tame and sculpt into something that feels organic/balanced. Randomness in generative art is a double-edged sword.
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